AP World - Period 6 Review (1900 C.E. to Present)

Period 6:  Accelerating Global Change & Realignments (1900 CE to Present)

Period 6 Dates to Know

Period 6 Essential Questions

1. How did changes in science impact global issues?
2. What were the causes and consequences of 20th century global conflicts?
3. In what ways did the global economy and culture change during the 20th century?

Past Essay Questions from Period 6

Period 6 Key concepts - Course Outline

6.1. Science & Technology

1. Rapid advancements in science spread around the world.
1. New communication (Internet, radio, cell phones) and transportation (planes).
2. Green Revolution and commercial agriculture increased food production.
3. Medical advancements including vaccines and antibiotics extended life expectancy.
4. Energy technologies increased productivity with petroleum and nuclear power.
2. Global population exploded & changed human interaction with the environment.
1. Increased consumption led to deforestation, desertification, etc.
2. Increased greenhouse gases has led to climate change.
3. Demographic shifts because of disease, innovation, and conflict.
1. Diseases associated with poverty persist in some areas and are eradicated in more wealth places (malaria, TB, cholera), new epidemics spread (1918 flu, ebola, AIDS), and new diseases appeared because people are living longer (diabetes, alzheimer’s).
2. Birth control transformed women’s roles.
3. Military technology & tactics increased casualties because of total war.

6.2. Global Conflict

1. Global political order shifted from Europe to new powers.
1. Older land-based empires collapsed (Ottoman, Russian, Qing).
2. European powers maintained control over colonies until after WWII.
3. After WWII, colonies negotiated power (India, Gold Coast) or fought for independence (Algeria, Vietnam, Angola, Kenya).
2. Empires dissolved and restructured because of emerging anti-imperialist ideologies.
1. Nationalist leaders in Asia and Africa sought independence (Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh, Kwame Nkrumah).
2. Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged colonial rule (Muslim League, Quebecois, Biafra).
3. Transnational movements united people across boundaries (communism, pan-Arabism, pan-Africanism).
4. Movements to redistribute land sparked in Mexico, and across Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
5. Religious movements sought to redefine relationship between individual and state.
3. Political changes led to demographic and social consequences.
1. Redrawing of territories led to conflicts (India/Pakistan, Israel/Palestine).
2. Migrations of former colonial subject to imperial cities (Indians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to USA).
3. Rise of extremist groups led to genocide (Armenia, Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda).
4. Global military conflicts reached unprecedented scales.
1. WWI & WWII caused because of increased militarism, webs of alliances, competitive imperialism, and increasing nationalism. Populations at home and abroad were mobilized for total war, especially under fascist and communist regimes.
2. Economic crises from the Great Depression led totalitarian regimes to take power.
3. Global balance of power shifted as US and USSR last superpowers after WWII. Cold War developed between capitalism and communism.
4. New alliances produced by Cold War including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, which promoted proxy wars between and within Latin America, Africa, and Asia.
5. Military spending continuously increased until the USSR collapsed.
5. Responses to global conflict.
1. Non-violence movements challenged change by war (Gandhi, King, Mandela).
2. Protest and opposition movements to resist violent regimes (Anti-Apartheid in South Africa, global uprisings in 1968, Tiananmen Square in China).
3. Militarized states responded to conflicts in ways that further intensified conflicts (dictatorships in Chile, Spain, Uganda).
4. Violence against citizens to achieve political goals (IRA, ETA, Al-Qaeda).

6.3. Globalization & Economics

1. State responses to economic challenges of the 20th century.
1. Communist states (USSR & China) developed state-controlled economies, which included repressive policies and negative consequences (5-year plans, Great Leap).
2. Governments became more active in economy after Great Depression (New Deal).
3. Newly independent nations took on strong roles in economic life (Nasser, Nehru).
4. Many countries promoted free-market policies (Reagan, Thatcher, Xiaoping).
5. Growth of knowledge economies in developed areas and manufacturing in developing areas.
2. States became increasingly interdependent.
1. New international organizations to promote peace (League of Nations, UN).
2. Economic institutions (IMF, World Bank, WTO) and trade agreements (EU, NAFTA).
3. Movements to protect the environment (Greenpeace, Green Belt, Earth Day).
3. Increased education and political participation challenged societal norms.
1. Challenges to assumptions about race & class (UN Declaration of Human Rights, feminist movements, Negritude, Liberation theology, Islamic renewal).
2. Increased access to education & politics (right to vote for women, female literacy, Civil Rights Act, end of Apartheid).
4. Global popular culture more connected than ever before (reggae, Bollywood, Olympics).

List of Concepts & Vocabulary from Period 6

• 9/11
• AIDS
• Adolf Hitler
• ANC
• Algerian Civil War
• Americanization
• Amnesty International
• antibiotic
• Apartheid
• appeasement
• Arab Spring
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Asian Tigers
• Berlin Wall
• Blitzkrieg
• Bollywood
• Bolsheviks
• Chinese Civil War
• Climate change
• Cold War
• collectivization
• containment
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Cultural Revolution
• decolonization
• Deng Xiaoping
• detente
• domino theory
• European Union (EU)
• fascism
• feminism
• Fidel Castro
• glasnost
• globalization
• Great Depression
• Great Leap Forward
• Green Belt Movement
• Green Revolution
• Greenpeace
• Ho Chi Minh
• Holocaust
• human rights
• hydrogen bomb
• influenza epidemic
• Iranian Revolution
• Irish Republican Army (IRA)
• Iron Curtain
• Islamism
• Island-hopping
• Joseph Stalin
• Khmer Rouge
• Korean War
• League of Nations
• mandate system
• Mao Zedong
• Marshall Plan
• Mexican Revolution
• Mikhail Gorbachev
• militarism
• military-industrial complex
• Mohandas Gandhi
• Muslim League
• Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
• Negritude Movement
• Neocolonialism
• New Deal
• Non-Aligned Movement
• Non-governmental org.
• Pan-Africanism
• Pan-Arabism
• Partition
• perestroika
• reparations
• Russian Revolution
• Soviet Union
• Space race
• Sputnik
• total war
• Theory of Relativity
• Transnational corp.
• Treaty of Versailles
• trench warfare
• United Nations (UN)
• Vietnam War
• Weapons of mass destruction
• World Bank
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• World War I
• World War II
• Yalta Conference
• Zhenotdel
• Zionists