6.12 Wind Energy

5 min read•june 18, 2024

Krish Gupta

Karla Jauregui Sandoval

AP Environmental Science ♻️

252 resources

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What is Wind Energy?

Wind Energy uses windmills to capture the kinetic energy of moving wind to spin a turbine. The rotation of the turbine converts the mechanical energy produced by the turbine into electricity.

The power generated by windmills on the daily is not constant, there can be a different output depending on the wind levels. The electricity is also stored for days where the input of energy is not as high as the average.

Some of the different methods of storing the electricity are - electrical batteries, compressed air storage, hydrogen fuel cells,and pumped storage.

Wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the wind to generate electricity. It is a clean and abundant source of energy that can be harnessed using wind turbines, which are specialized machines designed to capture the wind's kinetic energy and convert it into electricity.The basic principle behind wind energy is simple: when the wind blows, it exerts a force on objects in its path, including wind turbines. The wind turbines have large blades that rotate in response to the wind, and this rotation is used to generate electricity.

To understand how wind energy works, it is helpful to know a little bit about how electricity is generated. Electricity is a flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire. When the wind blows, it causes the blades of a wind turbine to rotate, which turns a generator inside the turbine. The generator consists of a coil of wire that is surrounded by a magnet. When the coil of wire is rotated in the presence of a magnet, it generates a flow of electrons, which is converted into an electric current. This electric current can then be used to power homes, businesses, and other electrical devices.

Wind turbines are typically mounted on tall towers, which allows them to take advantage of the stronger and more consistent winds that are found at higher altitudes. The blades of a wind turbine are attached to a rotor, which is connected to the generator. When the wind blows, it causes the blades to rotate, and this rotation is transmitted to the generator through the rotor.

There are several types of wind turbines, including horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). HAWTs are the most common type of wind turbine and have blades that are mounted on a horizontal axis. VAWTs have blades that are mounted on a vertical axis and are less common than HAWTs.

Wind energy has several advantages over other sources of energy. It is a clean and renewable source of energy, and it does not produce any harmful emissions or pollutants. It is also an abundant source of energy, with the wind being a free and widely available resource. In addition, wind energy is becoming increasingly cost-competitive with other forms of energy, and it has the potential to play a significant role in the global energy mix. However, wind energy also has some limitations. It is intermittent, meaning that it is not available all the time, and it is dependent on weather conditions. In addition, wind turbines can be expensive to install and maintain, and they can have an impact on the environment, including noise and visual pollution.

Overall, wind energy is a promising source of renewable energy that has the potential to play a significant role in the global energy mix. As technology continues to improve and the cost of wind energy decreases, it is likely that wind energy will become an increasingly important part of the world's energy mix.

Image Courtesy of Scientific American

Benefits and Drawbacks

Pros of wind energy:

Renewable energy source: Wind energy is a renewable energy source, which means that it can be replenished naturally and is not finite like fossil fuels. This makes it a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of energy.
Clean energy: Wind energy does not produce any harmful emissions or pollutants, making it a clean source of energy. It does not contribute to air pollution or climate change, unlike fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.
Abundant resource: The wind is a free and widely available resource, and it is not subject to the same price fluctuations as fossil fuels. This makes wind energy a relatively stable and predictable source of energy.
Cost-competitive: The cost of wind energy has been decreasing over time, and it is becoming increasingly cost-competitive with other forms of energy. In some cases, it is already cheaper than fossil fuels, and it is expected to become even more cost-effective in the future.
Job creation: The wind energy industry has the potential to create a significant number of jobs, particularly in the manufacturing, installation, and maintenance sectors.

Cons of wind energy:

Intermittent energy source: Wind energy is an intermittent energy source, which means that it is not available all the time. It is dependent on weather conditions, and the wind does not always blow consistently. This can make it challenging to integrate wind energy into the grid and to ensure a reliable supply of electricity.
Environmental impact: While wind energy is a clean and renewable source of energy, it is not without environmental impacts. Wind turbines can have an impact on the environment, including noise and visual pollution. In addition, the construction of wind farms can have an impact on wildlife, including birds and bats.
Infrastructure: The construction of wind farms requires a significant investment in infrastructure, including wind turbines, transmission lines, and substations. This can be expensive, and it can be challenging to secure funding and build the necessary infrastructure.
Limited locations: Wind energy is not suitable for all locations, and it is typically only viable in areas with strong and consistent winds. This limits the potential for the widespread adoption of wind energy in certain regions.

Overall, wind energy is a promising source of renewable energy that has the potential to play a significant role in the global energy mix. While it has some limitations, such as being an intermittent energy source and having an impact on the environment, these issues are being addressed through research and development, and it is likely that wind energy will become an increasingly important part of the world's energy mix.

Benefits 👍🏻	Drawbacks 👎🏻
Renewable and clean source of energy, does not create any emissions Cheapest energy sources Wind farms can be places inland or offshore	Harm to wildlife - the speed of the rotating blades result in high fatalities within flying wildlife Wind is unpredictable and the energy is not constant